Health and Disease:

Admittedly, a fine line separates the two. Disease- the name itself implies an unsettled set of interacting variables. Any organism, functioning at ease, is void of any "uneasy" occurrences resulting in upsetting the delicate balance within. So, in starting our discussion of disease, we must first understand the basic building block of all life-the cell.

Every living organism is composed of cells. The larger the organism, the greater number of cells. The cell is an amazingly complex entity. Within each cell, there is a countless number of biochemical reactions. These reactions consume and release energy. That energy is used to promote the functionality of the cell. As energy is released in the cell, it is stored in a complex molecule known as ATP. Adenosine Triphosphate is later metabolized by the cell to release the stored energy for various functions. Using this energy, the cell can then synthesize carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids to grow or reproduce itself. At the same time, these organic molecules can be used for energy through exothermic reactions that release energy stored within the atomic bonds. As a living entity, the cell works against the natural tendency toward randomness, known as entropy. Enthalpy, the opposite of entropy, is then achieved.

Bacteria affect the organism at the cellular level. The organism recognizes any cell that has a different genetic blueprint as a foreign entity. The immune system sends antibodies to attack the invader. The bacteria release toxins and enzymes are known as aggressins into the internal environment. The enzymes create localized effects. The exotoxins that come from the bacteria's cell wall can combine with antibodies to form polysaccharide complexes that can cause organ failure and even death. Even our own immune system can create toxins in response to a severe infection, causing more damage.

Viruses, which are not free-living organisms, must reproduce within other living cells. The viral DNA is entered into the cell nucleus, disrupting the normal DNA function of the cell. The reproductive process causes disease at the cellular level. Uncontrolled cell growth can also occur, resulting in different forms of cancer.

Each type of virus or bacteria functions in a different manner. The invasion of a healthy organism can result in disease if the immune system is compromised. 

The introduction of dietary nutrients, vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants can help confront the invasion with a healthy immune response. As the battle rages within, where do we draw the line between health and disease?